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LIFE GOES
ON: AN INTRODUCTION
MY
GRANDPARENTS - I - MY GREAT-GRANDPARENTS - I - MY GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS - I - MY
GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
THE SIXTEEN
FAMILIES
KNOTT - I - BOWLES - I - WATERS - I - HARRALL - I - PAGE - I - WISEMAN - I - CROSS - I - CARTER
CORNWELL - I - HUCKLE - I - MORTLOCK - I - MANSFIELD - I - REYNOLDS - I - CARTER - I - ANABLE - I - STEARN
CHRONOLOGY - I - DRAMATIS PERSONAE - I - WHERE PEOPLE CAME FROM - I - CALENDAR
MAP OF ELY - I - MAP OF MEDWAY
MAP OF
CAMBRIDGE AND DISTRICT
THE
WORKHOUSE
WORLD WAR I - I - WORLD WAR II
simonknott.co.uk I home I e-mail
LIFE GOES
ON
The
Reynolds family: out of Essex, to Cambridge and beyond
My Mother's Mother's Father's Father's family
The narrative can be read in conjunction with the Reynolds family tree. You can see
places significant to the Reynolds family on the site map of
Cambridge and district.
This family story includes material from, and links with,
the stories of the Carter, Anable and Stearn families. My
direct ancestors are highlighted in bold
the first time they appear in the narrative.
In the churchyard
of St Michael's at Great Sampford in the gentle clay
hills of north-west Essex there is a line of Reynolds
graves, with three surviving headstones from the late
18th and 19th Centuries. They were to the families of the
brothers of my direct-line ancestors. The Reynolds were
an established family in Great Sampford, and provided the
village tailors down the generations. But there can never
have been enough work to sustain every member of the
family, and in each generation there had to be others who
were mere farmworkers, and who moved away.
My
great-great-great-grandfather James Reynolds was the eldest child of his
parents Edmund Reynolds and Elizabeth Rickard. Indeed, when he was
baptised at St Michael's church, Great Sampford on 16th
April 1809 it was just two and a half months after his
parents had been married in the same church. James
married Abigail Darnal at nearby Radwinter,
between Great Sampford and Saffron Walden, on 30th
October 1832. James must have been fairly well-to-do: the
Chelmsford Chronicle of 13th May 1842 reported that in
the night of the 7th inst, the house of Mr J Reynolds of
Old Sampford was entered, and and upwards of 20 score of
fresh pork taken away. the thieves made an entry at a
back window. But it was his younger brother Robert
who followed their father in the family business, and in
the late 1850s James and Abigail took their young family
some ten miles north across the Cambridgeshire border to
the Duxford Grange estate.
The early part of
James and Abigail's marriage predates civil registration,
and so it is not clear how many children they had. By the
time of the 1841 census, when they were at home with
three children, nine years had passed. It seems likely
that there were other children who had died, or were
elsewhere. Additionally, the surname is a common one,
Essex is a large county and the children are difficult to
trace through the civil registers. These are the children
of James and Abigail Reynolds known so far.
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Mary
Ann Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1835. She
married William Drane at Little Sampford church
on 26th June 1858, when her age was given as 23.
Their first child, Mary, was born in Great
Sampford later in the same year. They then joined
the exodus to Duxford, and their second child
Frederick was born in Duxford in 1860. They were
in Duxford for the 1861 census. It isn't clear
what happened to them after that.Eliza
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1838. She
was baptised on 24th June 1838, the daughter of
James and Abigail Reynolds. At home with the
family in Great Sampford in 1841 and 1851, she
stayed in the village after they decamped to
Duxford, and was a servant resident in the Red
Lion inn, the household of inn-keeper John
Burton, in 1861. And then, she moved to London.
She married George Knight, a police constable, of
Ickleton, Cambridgeshire at All Saints, Mile End
on 13th October 1867. It is worth noting that
Ickleton adjoined the Duxford Grange estate, and
some of her siblings were living in Ickleton at
about this time. By 1871 Eliza and George were
living in John Street, St Pancras, not far from
the Tottenham Court Road. Their daughter Mary was
born in 1874. She appears to have been their only
child.
Robert
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1841. He was
baptised on the 18th July at St Michael's church.
My great-great-grandfather - see below.
Emma
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1844. She
was baptised on 2nd June at at St Michael's
church. She moved to Duxford with the family and
at the age of 17 in 1861 she was a servant in the
household of Robert Wilson, who kept a general
shop in St Peter's Street. She was probably the
Emma Reynolds who married William Palmer, a
bricklayer, in Old St Pancras church, London, on
Christmas Day 1876.
James
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1846. He was
baptised on 9th August in St Michael's church. At
the age of 15 he was in Duxford with his parents,
and was still living at home with them and
working as an agricultural labourer ten years
later in 1871. However, in 1874 he married Sarah
Ann Freeman, and in 1881 they were living in her
home village of Ickleton with three children,
Fred, Minnie and Mary Ann. Interestingly,
although Fred was born in Duxford and Mary Ann in
Ickleton, two adjacent villages, Minnie was born
twenty miles away in the tiny hamlet of Morrell
Roothing, part of White Roothing or Roding
parish, beyond Hatfield Broad Oak. James and
Sarah were still both alive, living in Ickleton,
at the time of the 1911 census when they could
declare that they had had nine children, one of
whom had died.
Sarah
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1850. She
was baptised along with her sister Louisa and
brother William on 10th September 1854 at St
Michael's church. Sarah was with her parents in
Duxford in 1861, but by 1871 she was a 21 year
old kitchenmaid at the grand house of Goodnestone
Park in Kent, residence of Sir Brook William
Bridges, 1st Baron Fitzwalter. Her employer died
in 1875, and it isn't clear what happened to
Sarah after this.
Louisa
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1852. She
was baptised along with her sister Sarah and
brother William on 10th September 1854 at St
Michael's church. Louisa was at home with her
parents in Duxford in 1861 and 1871. She probably
married in the 1880s.
William
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1854. She
was baptised along with his sisters Sarah and
Louisa on 10th September 1854 at St Michael's
church. He was at home with his family in Duxford
in 1861, but after this is difficult to trace,
and he may have joined the army and gone abroad.
Lydia
Reynolds
Born Great Sampford, Essex, 1857. She
was baptised on 8th November at Saffron Walden.
She was at home with the family in Duxford in
1861 and 1871, and probably married soon after.
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Duxford is famous
today for the Imperial War Museum site, but even in the
mid-19th century it was a fairly large and busy parish,
set beside the London to Cambridge road not far from the
Essex border. There must have been plenty of work there.
The Duxford Grange estate was a large but fairly isolated
farmstead south-west of the village, the track to it
today running along the southern edge of the Duxford
airfield. James and Abigail's eldest son, my
great-great-grandfather Robert Reynolds, had been born at Great
Sampford in 1841, and by the time of the 1861 census he
was working alongside his father as an agricultural
labourer. In September 1864, at St John's church in
Duxford, Robert married Mary Ann Carter from Shudy Camps, a
Cambridgeshire village not far from Great Sampford.
The Carter family
were also living in Duxford at the time. Mary Ann's
parents, my great-great-great-grandparents John Carter and Rebecca Lucas, also arrived with their
family in the village soon after the 1851 census. The
Carter and Lucas families had for generations lived in a
tightly-knit group of small parishes in the south-east
corner of Cambridgeshire, near to the Essex border.
John's parents, my great-great-great-great-grandparents Thomas
Carter and Mary Alston Parmenter,
had married at Shudy Camps in 1811, while Rebecca's
parents, my great-great-great-great-grandparents James
Suttle and Mary Lucas, had
married in the same parish a few months after the birth
of their daughter in 1820. Robert and Mary Ann were
near-neighbours, and it is likely that their fathers were
workmates, their families were friends.
These are the nine
children of Robert and Mary Ann Reynolds, of Duxford
Grange and then Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire. Unlike their
parents, they were not generally a long-lived lot -
indeed, four of them died before they were fifty years
old. Three of the children married partners from Dry
Drayton. Four of the others moved to London, where,
curiously, they all met and married partners who were
also living in London but who had been born back in
Cambridgeshire. All the boys grew up to work with horses,
either as grooms, horsekeepers, draymen, tram drivers or
carters; three of them worked for breweries. It is worth
noting that, while Robert and Mary Ann' children were
born variously in Ickleton in Cambridgeshire, Great
Chesterford in Essex and then back in Duxford in
Cambridgeshire, these three parishes all run into each
other, and the three villages are all roughly equidistant
from Duxford Grange, and so Robert was probably an
employee of the estate through all this time, moving his
family about among various cottages.
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Alfred
William Reynolds
Born Duxford 1864. In the 1880s Alfred
worked as a farm labourer in Duxford, but by 1891
he had moved to Clerkenwell in east London, where
he worked as a brewery drayman. He was living in
Compton Buildings, a huge block of flats built as
a model industrial dwelling by philanthropist
employers. His brother John was living elsewhere
in the same block. On Boxing Day that year, he
married Mary Isabella Heath of Weston Colville,
Cambridgeshire, at St Paul's church Clerkenwell. The
register entry survives, and suggests
that she, too, was living in the Compton
Buildings complex at the time. They had two
children in Clerkenwell, Mabel Ellen Ada and
Louis Alfred, but before the century ended,
Alfred and Mary were back in Cambridgeshire,
where Alfred was the landlord of the Coach and
Horses pub at Melbourn near the Hertfordshire
border. This pub still exists today as an
up-market restaurant called the Coach House.
Their daughter Dorothy Mary was born in the pub,
and in the early years of the new century the
family moved to the town of Royston just over the
Hertfordshire border, where their daughter
Frances Maud was born. However, Alfred died in
Royston in the 2nd quarter of 1907, when he was
43 years old. In 1911 the family was still living in
Royston. They obviously kept in contact
with Alfred's family, because Alfred and Mary's
daughter Mabel married a Dry Drayton boy, Percy
Williams, at Royston in 1920.John
Reynolds
Born Ickleton 1866. John moved to
London, and in 1891 he was living in the same
block of flats as his brother Alfred, Compton
Buildings, built as a model industrial dwelling
by philanthropist employers. He was employed as a
brewery worker, and he married Lily Andrews of
Whittlesford at St Paul's church Clerkenwell on 2
February 1895. His sister Eliza was one of the
witnesses, and they were all able to sign their
names. The register
entry survives, and shows that Lily was
also living in Compton Buildings. Their son Frank
was baptised at St Paul's on 15th
January 1901, and the family was still at Compton
Buildings, but they had moved to Edmonton in
north London by 1911. John died in 1939 at the
age of 73, and was buried at Dry Drayton. His
address in the registers was given as Tottenham
General Hospital, London.
Emily
Reynolds
Born Ickleton 1868. In 1891, Emily was a
servant in the household of Henry Montagu Butler,
the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. She was
a witness at her sister Eliza's marriage on
Christmas Eve 1896, but does not appear on the
1901 census. She was probably the Emily Reynolds
who died in the last quarter of 1897 in
south-west Cambridgeshire, possibly at Melbourn.
She was 29 years old.
Ann
Reynolds
Born Ickleton 15th April 1870. She
appears with the family on the 1881 census as
Annie, the name she is recorded under thereafter.
In 1891, Annie was a kitchenmaid in the household
of the gentleman William Paley at Brook House,
Horringer, Suffolk. She married George Elsey on 4th
August 1895 at St Stephen's church, Tredegar
Street, Bow in east London. George had
been born in Barton, Cambridgeshire in 1869.
However, his father died before the 1871 census,
and he and his widowed mother Sarah Elsey are
shown living with her parents William and Naomi
Morgan in Barton. By 1881, Sarah had remarried,
to William Bye, and George was shown as George
Bye, a 12 year old agricultural labourer living
with his parents and siblings at Whittlesford in
Cambridgeshire. In 1891 he was 22 and still with
them in Duxford, Ann's parents' home parish, but
had reverted to his own surname, Elsey. At the
time of Ann and George's marriage, George gave
his address as 24 Morville Street, Bow, and his
profession as a carman. Annie's residence at the
time of the marriage was Sevenoaks in Kent -
presumably, she was in service there. Her father
Robert's profession was given as stockman. The
two witnesses to the marriage were George's
brother and sister, William James Bye and
Florence Annie Bye. Florence may well have been a
friend of Annie's.
Ann
and George had two children, Edwin George Robert,
born at 49 Melville Street on 28th August 1896,
and baptised on October 11th at St Stephen's
church, and Ernest Joseph, born at 49 Melville
Street on the 1st November 1897 and baptised on
12th June 1898 at St Stephen's church. But by the
time of the 1901 census, Annie was dead. She died
at 49 Melville Street on 29th November 1898. She
was just 28 years old. In 1901 George was shown
as a widower, living at 49 Morville Street North
Bow in London. His profession was a railway plate
layer. The older child Edwin was living with him,
while the younger child Ernest was living with
his grandparents Robert and Mary Ann Reynolds in
Dry Drayton. Ernest joined the Navy during the
First World War, and lived to the age of 89,
dying in 1986.
Eliza
Jane Reynolds
Born Great Chesterford 1872. In 1891 she
was living with and looking after her 73 year old
great aunt Sarah Reynolds at Radwinter in Essex.
Eliza married the widower Charles Thompson at Dry
Drayton on Christmas Eve 1896. They lived in Dry
Drayton. She had five children, Charles, Sidney,
Albert, Christopher and Cornelia. Her husband's
nephew Walter was killed in WWI in 1918 and is on
the Dry Drayton war memorial. She died at the age
of 68, and was buried in Dry Drayton churchyard
on 21st August 1940.
Edmund
Reynolds
Born Great Chesterford 1874. At the age
of 16 he was shown as a shepherd boy on the 1891
census. Soon after, Edmund moved to London. He
married Minnie Bard, who coincidentally was also
born in Great Chesterford, at West Ham in the
fourth quarter of 1898. Their son Frederick was
born in Stratford, east London in 1900. In 1901
they were living in West Ham, and Edmund was
working as a horse tram driver. A second son,
Edmund, was born in 1908. By 1911, Edmund senior
was working as a horse driver for an egg and
butter merchant, and the family were living in
the Portman Buildings complex at Lisson Grove in
west London. Edmund died in London in 1923 at the
relatively young age of 49.
Ellen
Louisa Reynolds
Born Duxford 1876. In 1901, Ellen was a
servant in the household of Edmund Powers at 70a
Ladbroke Grove, Kensington in London. One of the
other servants in the household, Cornelia Wiles,
was a witness to Ellen's marriage to Harry Bailey
at Dry Drayton on 25th April 1910. Harry Bailey
was a groom, from Hadleigh in Suffolk. They lived
in Dry Drayton. Ellen died in Cambridge in 1966
at the age of 89.
Frederick
Thomas Reynolds
Born Duxford 1878. My great-grandfather
- see below.
Robert
George Reynolds
Born Duxford 1881. Robert was an
agricultural labourer in Dry Drayton at the time
of the 1901 census, but by 1903 he had moved to
St Albans in Hertfordshire and married Clara
Julia Smart, a local girl. In 1901, Clara had
been a servant in the household of the Civil
Servant Charles Martin in St Albans, but what the
census return does not show is that she also had
a child. His name was George William, and he was
being fostered by another family in the town.
After her marriage to Robert, they had at least
six more children of their own: Robert, Albert,
James, Mabel, Edith and Kitty. In 1911, the
family were living in St Albans and Robert was
working as a horse shunter in a trolley works. On
June 6th 1915, Robert signed up as a Private
soldier with the Remount Squadron of the Army
Service Corps. He was 33 years and 7 months old
and stood 5 feet 4 and a half inches tall.
Interestingly, he gave the date of his marriage
to Clara as 1900 rather than 1903, presumably to
make it look as if George had not been born out
of wedlock, although he did not include George in
the list of his children. Perhaps he and Clara
had become accustomed to giving 1900 as the date
of their marriage, although on the 1911 census
form they recorded truthfully that they had only
been married for seven years.
Robert
appears to have served at the ASC depot in Romsey
in Hampshire throughout the War. The only
incident of note occured when he was confined to
barracks for 4 days in 1916 for being absent
without leave on parade. He survived the War to
be awarded a pension in 1919. At the time of the
1921 census Robert, Clara and George (but not the
younger children) were staying at, most likely
just visiting, the house of Robert's mother Mary
Ann in Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire. Robert's
occupation was recorded as a carman for the
London & North Western Railway, so most
likely they were living in St Albans. Clara died
in 1945. I have not yet found the date of
Robert's death.
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Robert
and Mary Ann's seventh child, my
great-grandfather Thomas
Reynolds, was baptised as Frederick
Thomas, but he was always known as Thomas or Tom,
and his baptismal forenames were always reversed
even in official documents. He was born at
Duxford Grange in 1878. At the time of the 1891
census, Thomas was already out to work as a
twelve year old farm boy. And then, in the
mid-1890s, the family moved to Dry Drayton, just
to the north-west of Cambridge, where they
settled, possibly to work on the Chivers estates.
On the 1901 census Robert Reynolds appears as a
stockman, a responsible position on a farm,
equivalent to a horseman or a shepherd. At the age
of 22, his son Tom was working as an agricultural
labourer in Dry Drayton for the 1901 census, but
on the 28th November 1903 Tom married my
great-grandmother Alice
Anable, whose family lived a few
doors from the Reynolds in Dry Drayton High
Street. Alice had been working in service in
Cambridge, but when they married at St Peter and
St Pauls' church, Dry Drayton, Alice was heavily
pregnant. Their first child was born just two
months later, and they called her Winifred
Ellen Reynolds. She was
my grandmother. Alice and Thomas moved into a
cottage in the village, and two more children
were born there, Cecilia Emily and Ernest Walter.
In
1908, Tom got a job as a horsekeeper at Great
Wilbraham, and the family moved on. Another
child, Abigail Annie, was born there. By the time
of the 1911 census they were still in Great
Wilbraham at Valley Farm. In 1914, Tom and Alice
were in Hildersham for the birth of their fifth
child, Lydia Frances, but when the First World
War broke out Tom enlisted as a Private soldier
in the 1st Battalion of the Suffolk Regiment. His
brother-in-law, Alice's brother Percy, joined up
with him. About this time the family moved to 3
Benson Place off of North Street, Cambridge.
The
1st Suffolks were part of the 28th Division of
the Army which was formed at Winchester during
December 1914, suggesting that Thomas joined up a
few months after the start of the War, but before
conscription was introduced. The Division began
landing at Le Havre on 16th January 1915, and the
1st Suffolks arrived in March, although Thomas
Reynolds's medal record shows that
he arrived in France on the 8th of June, two
weeks after the burial of his infant daughter
Lydia. Perhaps he had been given compassionate
leave. Soon after this, the family moved to 4
Shelley Row in the Castle Hill area of Cambridge,
where Tom would spend the rest of his life. The
exact date is uncertain, but it was after 1916,
because in November 1916 the Cambridge
Independent Press reported the death of a teenage
boy, Reuben Caldecoat, of 4 Shelley Row who was
killed in an accident on Castle Hill. Perhaps it
was this incident which made the Caldecoat family
move.
Tom's
battalion took part in the Second Battle of Ypres
(but this was before he disembarked) and the
Battle of Loos (where Thomas probably fought, and
where the British first used poison gas on a
large scale). But on 19th October 1915 the 1st
Suffolks were ordered to prepare to sail to more
distant shores. The first units left Marseilles
for Alexandria in Egypt five days later, and all
units were there by 22 November. They were then
ordered on to Salonika in Greece, and completed
disembarkation on 4 January 1916. The 1st
Suffolks spent almost the next three years
encamped at Salonika, a much safer place than the
Western Front in France, with just one brief,
furious battle at the end of the War. In 1916,
the Reynolds's youngest daughter was named
Salonica Ruth Reynolds in memory of where her
father had been when she was born.
These
are the six children of Tom and Alice Reynolds.
Unlike their parents' generation, they all stayed
close to Cambridge.
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Winifred Ellen
Reynolds
Born Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
4th February 1904. Baptised at St Peter
and St Paul, Dry Drayton on 3rd April,
Easter Sunday. Known by the family as
Win. My grandmother - see below.Cecilia
Emily Reynolds
Born Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
1905 and baptised at St Peter and St
Paul, Dry Drayton on 24th December,
Christmas Eve. Known by the family as
Ciss. Later spelled her name Cecelia. She
married Edward Cannell in Cambridge on
26th December, Boxing Day, 1925. After
marrying, they lived in North Walsham,
Norfolk where they had three daughters.
Edward died in North Walsham in 1981 at
the age of 80. Cecilia moved to Harlow in
Essex, presumably to be with a daughter,
and died there in November 1989 at the
age of 84. She was the last of the
children to die.
Ernest Alfred
Reynolds
Born Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
1907. Baptised at St Peter and St Paul,
Dry Drayton on 5th May. Known by the
family as Sonny. Ernest lived with his
parents all his life, establishing a taxi
business in Cambridge from the workshop
at the bottom of his parents' garden at 4
Shelley Row. At the time of the 1938
Kelly's Directory for Cambridge he was
listed as the householder, but this was
probably just so that his taxi business
could be advertised. He died of cancer at
the age of 38 in 1945, and was buried in
Dry Drayton churchyard on 7th September.
The family story is that he contracted
his final illness by smoking oil-stained
cigarettes in his workshop. Ernest never
married, but he was in a long term
relationship, and when he died he left
his accumulated wealth from the taxi
business to his former partner, much to
the anger of his mother.
Abigail Annie
Reynolds
Born Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire 21st
April 1910. Baptised at St Nicholas,
Great Wilbraham on 5th June. Known by the
family as Cad. She married Reginald
Lander at St Giles, Cambridge, a short
walk from her parents' house in Shelley
Row, on 30th June 1929. Reginald Lander's
family were partners in a busy Cambridge
butcher's firm. They lived variously on
Histon Road, Cambridge, at Station Road,
Histon and at one point ran the
Wheelwright's Arms, East Road, Cambridge.
They had three children, two daughters
and a son. They were the aunt, uncle and
cousins my mother knew best, and she
remembered her Aunt Cad and Uncle Reg
with fondness and affection. Abigail died
in Cambridge on the 26th April 1988 a few
days after her 78th birthday
Lydia Frances
Reynolds
Born Hildersham, Cambridgeshire 1914.
Baptised at St Peter and St Paul, Dry
Drayton on 1st November when her father
Tom was recorded as a horsekeeper of
Hildersham. Lydia died within a year, by
which time the family had moved to
Cambridge. She was buried 22nd May 1915,
aged 12 months, as recorded in parish
registers of St Luke, Chesterton,
Cambridge. The burial was in Histon Road
burial ground. The Reynolds family
address was recorded as 3 Benson Place,
North Street, Cambridge. This is off of
Histon Road. Interestingly, her father
arrived in France after his regiment's
landing date, suggesting that he might
have received compassionate leave because
of his daughter's death.
Salonica Ruth
Reynolds
Born Cambridge 1916. The family were
probably still living at Benson Place,
Cambridge. She was baptised at St Peter
and St Paul, Dry Drayton on 5th March.
Known to the family as Lon. She received
her unusual name to remember the fact
that her father was stationed at Salonika
in Greece for much of the First World
War, a much less dangerous theatre than
the Western Front. She married Stanley
George Impey at St Giles, Cambridge in
1936. Stan was a distant relative of Lon,
born at Dry Drayton in 1911 and related
through her mother's mother's family.
They had two sons. The family lived at
130 Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge. After
the death of Lon's father Tom, her mother
Alice came to live in the Kings Hedges
Road house in what my mother describes as
a granny flat. Lon died at the age of 67
in 1983 in Cambridge, after which her
husband lived in sheltered accomodation
on Arbury Road before his death in 1989.
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Tom's
wife Alice's younger brother Harry was killed on
the first day of the Battle of the Somme, but Tom
survived the conflict unscathed. At the end of
the War, he returned to his family in Shelley
Row, and he took a job with the Star Brewery on
Newmarket Road as a drayman, delivering
Tollemache Ales to pubs in Cambridge and the
surrounding villages. Thomas's parents
Robert and Mary Ann Reynolds both spent the rest
of their lives in Dry Drayton. Robert died in
1916 at the age of 75. Mary Ann, who had been
born when Queen Victoria had been on the throne
for just four years, lived until the grand old
age of 98, dying in 1939, a few months before the
outbreak of the Second World War, and into the
lifetime of her great-granddaughter, my mother.
Robert and Mary Ann were both buried in Dry
Drayton churchyard.
Their
son Tom and his wife Alice's eldest daughter, my
grandmother Win, worked as a domestic servant.
She is pictured at the age of 15 on the group photograph of those
serving the huge Peace Celebration feast on
Parkers Piece, Cambridge on 9th July 1919. She
was then briefly in service, but on 10th July 1923 she married Edmund Stanley Cornwell, who
came from Oakington, the neighbouring village to
her home village of Dry Drayton. However, Win and
Stan married more than a hundred miles away from
Cambridgeshire in Lichfield, Staffordshire. They
were both just 19 years old. They gave false ages
to acquire the certificate, as one of them had to
be of age, that is to say 21 or over. They were
in Staffordshire because my grandmother was
pregnant, and they had run away to get married.
Stan's older sister Ruth lived at Colton on the
outskirts of Rugeley, and she arranged the
marriage for them.
Their first child was born
less than three months later. He had a learning
disability, and lived with his mother for the
rest of her life. Winifred's parents never really
forgave her for her pregnancy and hasty marriage
to someone of whom they did not approve. It was
only long after her death that the family
discovered that Winifred's mother Alice had also
been six months pregnant when she married
Winifred's father in 1903. Winifred was that
child.
Stan and Win returned to Cambridge after the
birth of their first child, and lived firstly at
Oakington with Stan's parents and then in Castle
Row near to Win's parents. In the late 1920s they
moved away, first to Barway near Ely and then to
Grunty Fen on the other side of the river, before
settling in Little Thetford.
These are the nine children
of Edmund Stanley Cornwell and Winifred Ellen
Reynolds:
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Cecil
Thomas Walter Cornwell
Born Colton, Staffordshire on
29th October 1923. Cecil had a learning
disability, and lived with his mother for
the rest of her life. After her death, he
lived in a care home at Toft,
Cambridgeshire. He died in his sleep
there in February 1990.Stanley
Arthur James Cornwell
Born Oakington, Cambridgeshire in 1925,
and baptised at St Andrew's church,
Oakington on 27th September. Known to the
family as Jim. This suggests that the
family were living with Stan's parents at
the time. He signed up for the Navy in
the Second World War. He was badly
injured on 16th September 1942 aboard HMS
Warspite. He was just 17 years old. The
battleship was taking part in the Salerno
Landings off the toe of Italy when it was
hit by a German glider bomber. This photograph shows the ratings
being addressed shortly before the
battle. Jim is in this photograph
somewhere. He never recovered from his
injuries, and died in 1946 at the age of
twenty. He was buried in Little Thetford
Cemetery, and is mentioned on the Little
Thetford war memorial.
Jack
Travers Cornwell
Born 2 Castle Row, Cambridge in
1928, and baptised in St Giles's church,
Cambridge on 4th March. He was named
after Jack Travers Cornwell, a 16 year
old posthumous winner of the Victoria
Cross, who at the time was one of the
great heroes of the First World War. He
married Edna Martin in Ely in 1954, and
they lived at Mepal, Cambridgeshire.
Reginald
Trevor Cornwell
Born River Bank, Barway,
Cambridgeshire, 0n 28th January 1930, and
baptised at St Nicholas's church, Barway
on 6th April. Known to the family as
Reggie. Married Beryl Dennis at Ely in
1954. Two years later, their father being
dead, Reggie gave away my mother when she
married. Reggie and Beryl lived at Little
Thetford and then at Wilburton,
Cambridgeshire. They had three children,
two boys and a girl. Reggie died on 16th
August 2001.
Edward
Malcolm Cornwell
Born River Bank, Barway,
Cambridgeshire 1931, and baptised at St
Nicholas's church, Barway on 7th June.
Known to the family as Malcolm. Married
Betty Rudderham at Ely in 1950. They
lived at Wilburton, and had five
children, four girls and a boy. Betty
died in 2015, Malcolm in August 2016.
Betty
Katherine Cornwell
Born River Bank, Barway,Cambridgeshire on
1st December 1932, and baptised at St
Nicholas's church, Barway on 7th June
1933. Betty contracted polio as a child,
and was confined to a wheelchair for the
rest of her life. She spent time at
Manfield Hospital in Northampton, and
then after 1956 living in the home for
the physically disabled at Dorincourt,
Leatherhead, Surrey, later the Queen
Elizabeth Foundation. She died in
Leatherhead in 1987.
June
Frances Cornwell
Born Red Fen Lane, Grunty Fen, Little
Thetford, Cambridgeshire in 1934. She
married Keith Anthony Palmer at St
George's church, Little Thetford on 9th
April 1955. They lived at Little Downham
and had two children, a boy and a girl.
Marion
Patricia Cornwell
Born Red Fen Lane, Grunty Fen, Little
Thetford, Cambridgeshire on 27th February
1936. She married Graham Knott at St
George's church, Little Thetford on 4th
August 1956. They lived at Little
Thetford and then in Cambridge, and had
three children, all boys. Marion died in
Cambridge on 30th June 2016.
Albert
Paul Cornwell
Born Front Street, Little
Thetford, Cambridgeshire in 1937. Known
to the family as Sonny. He married
Shirley Carter at St Mary's church, Ely
in 1957. They lived in Ely and had two
children, both boys.
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Win's
father Tom died at the relatively young age of 64
in 1944, and was buried at Dry Drayton. Her
mother Alice went to live with Win's sister Lon
in Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge.
Although my grandfather
died before I was born, Winifred Cornwell was the
grandparent I knew best. I spent the first three
years of my life living in the same house as her
at Green Hill, Little Thetford in the Isle of
Ely. After we moved to Cambridge she would often
visit us, and I would go and stay with her. I
spent a lot of the spring of 1966 living with her
because of complications with the birth of my
youngest brother, and there I met her mother, my
great-great-grandmother Alice Anable, in the last
few months of her life, who had also come to
stay.
I remember Win as being a
very comfy, smiling old lady, although she was
actually only in her late fifties when I was
born. The thing that strikes me about her now
when I look at her on earlier photographs is
quite how stunningly beautiful she was when she
was young, and that my own daughter, who of
course she never met, looks uncannily like her.
She died of a stroke, possibly as a result of the
side-effects of an anti-arthritis drug, at
Chesterton Hospital in Cambridge in 1983. She was
79 years old. Her ashes were scattered in the
fields near Dry Drayton.
|
AT A GLANCE: DETAILS FROM
REGISTERS AND CENSUS DATA
all addresses are in
Cambridgeshire unless otherwise stated. |
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Birthplace |
1881
census |
1891
census |
1901
census |
1911
census |
married
to |
|
(date
registered) |
age |
address |
age |
address |
age |
address |
age |
address |
date
of marriage |
Robert
|
Great Sampford, Essex (1841)
|
40
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
50
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
59
|
High Street, Dry
Drayton
|
70
|
High Street (1), Dry
Drayton
|
Robert
married Mary Ann Carter in the 3rd
quarter of 1864 at Duxford,
Cambridgeshire
|
Mary
Ann
(Carter)
|
Shudy Camps, Cambs (1841)
|
39
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
49
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
58
|
High Street, Dry
Drayton
|
69
|
High Street (1), Dry
Drayton
|
Mary Ann
married Robert Reynolds in the 3rd
quarter of 1864 at Duxford,
Cambridgeshire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alfred
|
Duxford, Cambs (1864)
|
16
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
26
|
194 Compton
Buildings, Clerkenwell, London
|
36
|
Coach
and Horses, Newmarket Road, Melbourn
|
|
Alfred was dead by the time of the 1911
census
|
Alfred
married Mary Isabella Heath on 26th
December 1891 at St Paul's church,
Clerkenwell, London
|
John
|
Ickleton, Cambs (1866)
|
14
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
23
|
313 Compton
Buildings, Clerkenwell, London
|
34
|
234 Compton
Buildings, Clerkenwell, London
|
44
|
86
Gladesmore Road, Edmonton, London
|
John
married Lily Andrews on 2nd February 1895
at St Paul's church, Clerkenwell, London
|
Emily
|
Ickleton, Cambs (1868)
|
13
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
23
|
Trinity College,
Cambridge
|
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I have not found Emily on the 1901
census. She may already have been dead.
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|
Emily was dead by the time of the 1911
census
|
|
Ann
|
Ickleton, Cambs (1870)
|
10
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
20
|
Brook
House, Horringer, Suffolk
|
|
Ann was dead by the time of the 1901
census
|
|
Ann was dead by the time of the 1911
census
|
Ann married
George Elsey on 4th August 1895 at St
Stephen's church, Bow, London
|
Eliza
|
Gt Chesterford, Essex (1872)
|
8
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
18
|
Radwinter,
Essex
|
28
|
Pettits
Lane, Dry Drayton
|
38
|
High Street (2), Dry
Drayton
|
Eliza
married Charles Thompson on 24th December
1896 at Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
|
Edmund
|
Gt Chesterford, Essex (1875)
|
6
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
16
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
26
|
28
Cedar Road, West Ham, London
|
36
|
219 Portman
Buildings, Lisson Grove, Marylebone,
London
|
Edmund
married Minnie Bard in the 4th quarter of
1898 at West Ham, London.
|
Ellen
|
Duxford, Cambs (1876)
|
4
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
14
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
24
|
70a Ladbroke Grove,
Kensington, London
|
|
High
Street (3), Dry Drayton
|
Ellen
married Harry Bailey on 25th April 1910
at Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
|
Thomas
|
Duxford, Cambs (1878)
|
2
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
12
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
22
|
High Street, Dry
Drayton
|
32
|
Valley Farm, Great
Wilbraham
|
Thomas
married Alice Anable on the 28th November
1903 at Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire
|
Robert
|
Duxford, Cambs (1881)
|
|
Robert had not been born at the time of
the 1881 census
|
9
|
Duxford Grange,
Duxford
|
19
|
High Street, Dry
Drayton
|
29
|
45 Old London Road,
St Albans, Herts
|
George
married Clara Smart on 13th April 1903 at
St Albans, Hertfordshire
|
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